- Grammar-Translation Method (GT)
- Audiolingual Method (ALM)
- Total Physical Response (TPR)
- Content-based Instruction (CBI) or Learning (CBL)
- Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
- Task-based Learning (TBL) or Instruction (TBI)
A fabulous resource to learn about these ELT methods (and others) is Diane Larsen-Freeman's Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching.

This text is designed to introduce beginning language teachers to a variety of different methodologies. Its straightforward approach describes and explains each method, provides class descriptions, and explains how those classroom descriptions exemplify the principles. It identifies strengths and weaknesses of each method, but Larsen-Freeman ultimately allows readers to make their own decisions about which approaches, methods, and activities are most suitable.
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